SDR# and RTL-SDR under Xubuntu 12.10

In the CQDL edition of Nov. 2012 there was an article about a SDR software called SDR# (SDRSharp). This tool can work with the cheap so called RTLSDR sticks (for example Noxon DAB sticks and others) and runs under windows and because its written in C# under linux within the mono framework as well.
Because its not that easy to get the stuff running i try to document it here. Just give me a hint if something is missing or wrong.
Thats the status of today…

The versions:
sdrsharp SVN revision 995
Xubuntu 12.10 64bit
RTLSDR from git repository Nov. 1st, 2012
Noxon DAB stick Rev1

Getting SDR# working:

First you need some required packages:
sudo apt-get install mono-complete
sudo apt-get install libportaudio2

Get sdrsharp sources (and the tool to get it):
sudo apt-get install subversion
svn co https://subversion.assembla.com/svn/sdrsharp/
cd sdrsharp/trunk

Build on command line:
xbuild /t:Rebuild /p:Configuration=Release SDRSharp.sln
You will most probably get a warning but no errors.

Try to run the binary with mono:
cd Release
mono SDRSharp.exe

If you get some errors about Portaudio then try the line:
ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libportaudio.so.2 libportaudio.so
in the directory were your binary of SDRSharp is located. Then try again running the binary.
If the GUI comes up quit it.
Download the release package from the SDRSharp page:
http://sdrsharp.com/index.php/downloads
Unpack into a folder of your choice
Go to the binary Release path were your self-compiled binaries are and overwrite all files from the downloaded package by the self compiled. Also copy the symlink you created eventually.
Try to run SDRSharp from the new directory.
In the left top edge of the window there should be a button named „Play“. Right of this there s a selection list. There should be an entry RTL-SDR/TCP. If not download the RTLSDR files from the SDRSharp page and copy into your SDRSharp folder. After restart of the GUI the entry should be visible.

Connecting the RTLSDR:
I have a Noxon DAB Stick Rev1. This one can be tuned between 22MHz and 1100MHz.
The frequency accuracy is relatively poor. I have -51ppm offset from nominal frequency.

Noxon DAB Stick inside...

Noxon DAB Stick inside...


Check how it connects:
Plug the stick to the USB port, wait a few seconds, then type dmesg.
[ 7013.844041] usb 1-1: >new high-speed USB device number 2 using ehci_hcd[ 7013.987872] usb 1-1: >New USB device found, idVendor=0ccd, idProduct=00b3[ 7013.987882] usb 1-1: >New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3[ 7013.987888] usb 1-1: >Product: DAB Stick[ 7013.987892] usb 1-1: >Manufacturer: NOXON[ 7013.987897] usb 1-1: >SerialNumber: 0
On my other (Ubuntu based) PC i there get the information that some DVB-T driver get loaded automatically.
dmesg gives then:
[ 7116.475304] usb 2-1.1: Product: DAB Stick
[ 7116.475306] usb 2-1.1: Manufacturer: NOXON
[ 7116.475309] usb 2-1.1: SerialNumber: 0
[ 7116.679026] dvb-usb: found a ‚NOXON DAB/DAB+ USB dongle‘ in warm state.
[ 7116.704932] dvb-usb: will pass the complete MPEG2 transport stream to the software demuxer.
[ 7116.706616] DVB: registering new adapter (NOXON DAB/DAB+ USB dongle)
[ 7116.720596] rtl28xxu: rtl2832u_frontend_attach: FC0013 tuner found
[ 7116.729442] DVB: registering adapter 0 frontend 0 (Realtek RTL2832 (DVB-T))...
[ 7116.759431] fc0013: Fitipower FC0013 successfully attached.
[ 7116.759439] Registered IR keymap rc-empty
[ 7116.759545] input: IR-receiver inside an USB DVB receiver as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.1/rc/rc0/input14
[ 7116.759946] rc0: IR-receiver inside an USB DVB receiver as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.1/rc/rc0
[ 7116.759951] dvb-usb: schedule remote query interval to 400 msecs.
[ 7116.769919] dvb-usb: NOXON DAB/DAB+ USB dongle successfully initialized and connected.
[ 7116.776795] usbcore: registered new interface driver dvb_usb_rtl28xxu

lsmod shows:
dvb_usb_rtl28xxu 26619 0
rtl2830 18340 1 dvb_usb_rtl28xxu
dvb_usb 24540 1 dvb_usb_rtl28xxu
dvb_core 111077 2 rtl2830,dvb_usb

If thats the case at yours you need to remove the drivers by typing:
sudo rmmod dvb_usb_rtl28xxu
sudo rmmod rtl2830

This needs to be done everytime you plug the stick to the PC in case the driver is loaded automatically.

Get the binaries for the RTLSDR:
this is the project page: http://sdr.osmocom.org/trac/wiki/rtl-sdr
you need to use git for checkout
sudo apt-get install git
Then get the code:
git clone git://git.osmocom.org/rtl-sdr.git
cd rtl-sdr
sudo apt-get install autoconf2.13
sudo apt-get install libtool
sudo apt-get install libusb-1.0-0-dev

follow the instructions for building with autotools:
autoreconf -i
./configure
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

If you do not want to access the dongle as root user you need to install udev rules:
sudo make install-udev-rules

Run the whole thing:

You need to reconnect the RTLSDR stick to the usb before you are able to run the server application.
You can start it with:
rtl_tcp
If that does not work start it with sudo.
Then you can start SDRSharp again.
In the GUI press configure and type localhost in the field „Hostname“.
Keep the other settings for the moment. Press update and close the configuration window.
Then you can start the reception pressing the „Play“ button.
The waterfall window migh look strange. This seems to be a bug. If you rescale the window it should work (at least for a while) afterwards.
The tune frequency can be entered in the field „Center“. Attention: If you invalid frequencies the stick may hook up and you cannot tune anymore. Then you have to replug the stick and start all applications again.
Unfortunately the processor load is extremely high under linux-mono. I get 100% CPU usage on a 2.4GHz AMD64 CPU. This leads to audio stutters. On my I7-2600 i get around 180% load compared to one of the 3GHz cores when decoding FM-stereo with 2MSpl/s and IQ correction switched on.
You could reduce the datarate by starting the rtl_tcp server with option -s 1024000. 512kSpl/s did not work correctly at my side. You need to set the correct rate also in the sdrsharp configuration. If it still stutters switch IQ correction and FM Stereo off to reduce the CPU load.
This screenshot shows SDRSharp receiving a wideband FM broadcast signal. It also features a RDS decoder.

SDRSharp

SDRSharp

Thats it. Probably it runs smoother under windows. There the installation should be also a bit easier. Unfortunately i do not have any windows system available.

Oct. 2012 DUR Contest

QRV again after a long time beeing absent.
This was the first time i was QRV on 13cm. Although i had just 1W on this band i made some very nice contacts.
There were still good conditions because of a very nice tropo.
Despite foggy wheather in the morning it turned out to be a very nice DUR test this time.
Unfortunately the activity from Stations from within a 100km radius is getting less and less. Without ON4KST chat its rather difficult.
The picture shows my 1.5m dish with the 13cm box below. Many thanks for all the QSO ! Hear you next time, hopefully !

1.5m dish with 13cm transverter box


a few cables


DUR10_12_DH5YM_129.edi
DUR10_12_DH5YM_232.edi

against PLT / PLC

Currently a new draft european standard prEN 50561-1 is widely discussed. Amongst defined notches for amateur radio bands and dynamic notching for shortwave radio stations it also includes raising the allowed levels of PLT signals on mains lines by about 30dB ! This would mean that any SW radio close to such modems will be impossible.
There is a big discussion in forum.darc.de and in hamradioboard. There is the assumption that raising the levels for PLT will cause other electronic manufacturers to claim for higher interference levels as well. In addition future PLT modems will sure also work up to several hundret MHz to get the high bandwiths required for video streaming. This will affect VHF radios, broadcast radio and even TV broadcasting.
Therefore there is a openpetition which allows you to demonstrate your opinion against PLT devices and against this draft european standard:
https://www.openpetition.de/petition/online/schutz-der-ressource-frequenz-vor-elektromagnetischen-stoerungen-durch-plc
Some very interesting background can be found on the pages of the IRT:
http://www.irt.de/de/publikationen/technische-berichte.html
The german body for elaboration of electronic standards DKE will meet today (Oct. 22th) to decide if they will vote for or against this draft standard on european level. Whatever this decision will be it makes sense to vote against PLT in the petition above…

FT-857D filter plaque

I noticed that my FT-857D suddenly had a lack of sensitivity in FM. Looking a bit closer i experienced that only strong FM signals could be received on all bands. The other modes were ok.
Reading a little bit gives an impression what happens. The most common fault seems to be that one of the Toko ceramic filters (one of 3) fails. Usually this is CF1005 which results in low sensitivity and/or crackling noise in AM and FM. For me it was different. No problems with AM. Therefore i expected CF1003 (narrow band FM filter) failed. There is a very good description of the reasons written down by SV8YM.
external link: http://sv8ym.blogspot.com/2010/07/myster…ng-filters.html
Today i disassembled the transceiver and measured the resistance of the filter ports to ground. CF1005 was around 14kOhms both ports, CF1002 around 55kOhm both ports and CF1003 several tenth of kOhms one port and the other 150Ohms only. This causes the pindiode switch to fail which results in very bad sensitivity.
When i tried to disassemble the filter from the board for accident i removed the cap of the filter. Thus i decided to take a close look without removing the filter from the PCB. Find some photos below.
What is visible are the small pieces of material present on the edges of the ceramic plates. This was descibed by SV8YM. One of the plates showed a very big amount of material that forms the short that was measured before. Therefore i removed one plate after each other, cleaned them with a scalpell knife and placed it back to the filter. Special care needs to be taken on the correct position of the small metal plates that contact the ceramic elements with the filters mechanical structure.
After mounting the filter cap again and measuring the resistance it can be seen that it is in normal range again. After assembling the transceiver FM is ok again.
Overall i assume that this repair will not help for a long time because the filter is already damaged. But at least it helps until i collected all necessary spare parts. The problem in general is that the voltage for switching the pin diodes for the RF paths is not decoupled from the filters. DC voltages destroy ceramic filters. This was not taken into account for all filters by the designers of Yaesu. Most probably because of an missing hint in the datasheet of the filter.
I will change the circuit later when replacing the filters.

CF1003 filter cap removed

CF1003 filter cap removed

metalized surface of one of the filter plates

metalized surface of one of the filter plates

bad crystal on the edge of one of the plates

bad crystal on the edge of one of the plates

Measurement of coil saturation and inductance

A nice document that describes the measurement of saturation current of coils and calculating the inductance can be found here:

Attention !! This is an external link, i am not responsible for the content !
http://staff.ltam.lu/feljc/electronics/messtechnik/messung_ferritspulen.pdf

Jean-Paul Feltes wrote a very nice description about how to do it and what needs to be considered. Unfortunately it is in german language only.
This is a picture of a measurement of a selfmade coile with a ferrite core purchased from a big german distributor.
Unfortunately the exact parameters of the core and the air-gap are unknown. Since i have some problems with the saturation of the core in a switched power supply i tried to measure.
The inductance matches what i measured with the network analyzer. The saturation of 2A appears to be quite low. Probably the inductance is choosen too high.
In the picture you can clearly see the point where the coil gets nonlinear because of decreasing inductance when saturating.
Be careful not to switch on the transistor for a too long time and care about sufficient time to get the coil voltage to 0.

Saettigungsstrom

saturation current and switch signal for the transistor

TQ2SA relais for RF switching

I tried a cheap TQ2SA SMD relais for RF switching. The circuit was using the 2 switches as one SPDT switch with the unused output connected to ground.
Find some pictures attached. For low power it should be possible to use the relais up to 70cm (ok, 30dB isolation only). On 2m and below it works with good results…

relais side

relais side

connector side

connector side

TQ2SA-5V_SPDT_insertion_loss

TQ2SA-5V_SPDT_insertion_loss

TQ2SA-5V_SPDT_short_crosscoupling

TQ2SA-5V_SPDT_short_crosscoupling

Windows-free V/U/SHF Contest

During V/U/SHF contests we use the logging software VUSC from OK1DIX. Is is a multi-operator network based log designed for contest operation. Since my last windows installation got destroyed by a stupid trojan i decided not to install windows anymore. So i tried VUSC under the Wine API emulator and it works very well.
Just download the binary here (current version is 6.32): http://www.ok2kkw.com/vusc4win_eng.htm
Install the binary. It should create a start icon on your desktop which is quite unusual for Linux. You can also start it directly from the Wine directory which is /home//.wine/drive_c/VUSC/
Please refer to the manual from Lada to see how it works.
The only thing that currently does not work is the export of EDI Log files from the internal used .DIX database. The reason is that the windows “copy” commandline tool is used to put some files together. This does not work with Wine for some reason. If you want to export your logs you have still to use Windows or a Windows in a virtual machine. If you find a different way just let me know ;)
VUSC features some very good SSB and CW contest keyer. In order to use this with Wine you need to do some adjustments. You need a serial port with access out of Wine.
I use a USB-serial converter for example. This shows up as /dev/ttyUSB0. Now create a symlink in the directory /home//.wine/dosdevices with the command “ln -s /dev/ttyUSB0 com1”.
This makes a reference for Wine that it should refer to ttyUSB0 if com1 is selected. Take care that your user is in the group “dialout” in order to access the serial port.
Now you may do some settings to select the correct pins and ports for PTT and Key.

VUSC SSB/CW Keyer settings


A paddle that is connected to the paddle input pins can be used together with the keyer functionality of VUSC. This works very well. But first try to get the PTT keyed if you press F1 in mode SSB and CW.
One thing you might experience is that the CW keying is weird and the timing of the dashes and dots is completely rubbish. In this case switch off the VUSC internal monitoring tone in the CW/SSB/Packet menue by unselecting “Toggle monitor”. Now the CW from VUSC should be fine.
One more hint: At my PC the PCMCIA-serial adapter from D-Link i usually use did not work. Probably the driver does not support pin toggling although i do not understand why. The USB-serial adapter works fine…

VUSC and KST2Me running under Ubuntu 12.04